6. Mr. Westhusin thinks cloning is dangerous because_____ .
[A] animals are tortured to death in the experiments
[B]the public has expressed strong disapproval
[C] too many lives are wasted for laboratory use
[D] cloning becomes a quest only for profit
7. What is the problem confronting the Missyplicity project?
[A] The client holds a suspicious view toward it.
[B] There is a lack of funds to support the research.
[C] The owner is unwilling to disclose the information.
[D] Cloning dogs is a difficult biological problem.
8. Which of the following is true about animal cloning?
[A]Few private cloning companies could afford it
[B]Few people have realized its significance.
[C] An exact copy of a cat or bull can be made.
[D] It is becoming a prosperous industry.
9. From the passage we can infer that _____.
[A] Mr. Westhusin is going to clone a dog soon
[B] scientists are pessimistic about human cloning
[C] human reproductive system has not been understood
[D] rich people are only interested in cloning animals
10. Mr. Westhusin seems to believe that cloning______.
[A] is stupid and should be abandoned [B] has been close to success
[C] should be taken cautiously [D] is now in a dilemma
核心词汇
confines n. limits or borders 范围,界限;边界 例: the confines of human knowledge 人类的知识范围 / the confines of
family life 家庭生活的范围
超纲词汇
aborted a. *① 流产的 ② 出问题的,出故障的 canine a. 犬的,犬科的
cramped a. 狭窄的,拥挤的 例:working in cramped conditions 在拥挤的环境里工作
embryo n. 胚胎
fetus n. 胎,胎儿
Missyplicity n.这是个临时造的词,是三个部分的合成:Missy 指文中提到的那条狗密斯,
duplicate 意为“复制”, ity 为名词后缀
plop vi.&vt.(使)扑通一声落下 例:Can you plop some ice in my drink? 能在我的饮料中放点冰块吗? 文中是比喻
用法,指“投入资金”
surrogate n.代理, 代理人,代用品 vt.使代理, 使代替;*surrogate mother 代理母体
veterinary a.兽医的 例:veterinary medicine/science兽医学
vexed a.*① 气恼的,烦恼的 例:the vexed parents of an unruly teenager 因孩子难管教而气恼的父母 ②(问题等)争论不休的,难于解决的 例:vexed question/issue棘手的问题
viably ad. ① 可实施地,切实可行地 *② 能存活地,能生长发育地
长难句分析
1. That's an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a
13-year-old dog named Missy.
该句主干是That's an interesting choice of adjective。现在分词短语coming from... 做后置定语,修饰前面的名词choice,相当于一个定语从句(which is)coming from... ;在分词短语中,定语从句 who... 也做后置定语,修饰先行词 a man。
2. He knows that even if he gets a dog viably pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems.
该句主干是 He knows that... 。 that引导的宾语从句是一个主从复合句,且从句位于主句之前,主句是 the offspring will face the problems... ;从句是让步状语从句:even if he gets a dog viably pregnant;should they survive 是个省略了if的条件状语从句,为插入语,修饰主句。另外,主句的宾语 the problems后接有过去分词短语 shown... 做后置定语,相当于一个定义从句(that)are shown... ;冒号后的名词短语做 the problems的同位语。
语篇分析
本文题材涉及生物技术。作者从克隆动物这个角度间接论证克隆人的不可行性,主张应该慎重对待克隆人研究。它是一篇观点论证型文章,按照“提出观点—论证观点—重申观点”的脉络展开论述,可分成三部分。
第一段为第一部分,提出观点:克隆人是不可行的。
引用专家 Mark Westhusin和一位试图克隆其爱犬的富人的话(never met a human worth cloning,a stupid endeavor)
表达作者的观点。接着介绍 Mark Westhusin所进行的克隆动物的实验(two calves,a cat and a dog),并特别指出对狗的克隆最具难度(one of the mysteries of modern science)。
第二、三段为第二部分,论证观点。
第二段:指出 Mark Westhusin克隆动物的经验使他极力反对克隆人(vexed by talking of human cloning)。首句是段落主题句。段中详细介绍了一个克隆狗的项目(the Missyplicity project)中出现的状况:①从成百上千的卵中只获得一打左右基因匹配的胚胎;②转移到母体时没有一个胚胎存活下来。从这些细节中可以推出,克隆是低效而且危险的。
这在末句“Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous”得到了证实。该段最后还给出了 Mark Westhusin的观点:动物实验中的浪费现象在人的研究中不能被接受。因此,该段将 Mark Westhusin反对克隆人的态度表露无疑。
第三段:分析指出,(虽然克隆是危险的)克隆狗仍然存在巨大的商机(a commercial opportunity)。首句是段落主题句,其中even so是转折标志词,表明该段与上一段在含义上存在转折。该段描述了“商机”的具体表现:电话频频响起(ringing busily)。接着分析存在商机的原因:①以Missy 的主人为例指出,人们不惜花费巨资(cost is no obstacle; plopped down $3.7 billion);②同样以 Missy 的主人为例指出,客户与研究者能够达成共识(both looking forward to tudying the ways)。
第四段为第三部分,重申观点:在克隆动物还远没有成功的情况下,克隆人是不可行的。
首先说明克隆狗存在的问题(face the problems shown at birth),然后引用专家 Mark Westhusin的话否认目前存在克隆人的可行性(not close to getting worked out in animals yet, why want to clone humans)。
文章总体特点:①开始和结尾都摆出了明确的观点,形成首尾呼应。②作者在文章中没有直接发表评论,而是借他人之语表达自己的观点和评价。③虽然作者的最终目的是反对克隆人,但却通过论证动物克隆技术的不成熟间接论证克隆人的不可行性。
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