一、连读
连读有两种规则,分别为:
1、 以辅音结尾的单词+元音开头的单词:
如:(1)I’d li(ke a)nother bow(l o)f rice. 这里like / laik / 以辅音结尾,another 以元音开头,所以连读;(2)We have an English friend. 这个句子有两处连读:前一处是have的尾辅音/v/与an的开头元音//连读为/v/;后一处是an的尾辅音/n/与English的开头音素/i/连读为/ni/。举例:I’m~an~English boy. It~is~an~old book. Let me have~a look~at~it.
Ms Black worked in~an~office last~yesterday. I called~you half~an~hour~ago.
Put~it~on, please. Not~at~all. Please pick~it~up.
注意: 以辅音结尾 指的是音标中的最后一个音是辅音,而不是单词的结尾,这如同u[ju:.]niversity前面的定冠词必须用a 一样。
2、以辅音结尾的单词 + h开头的单词h不发音,与前面的辅音连读
what wil(l he) [wili]do? Ha(s he) done it before? Mus(t he) [ti] go?
Can he do it? Should he….?
Tell him to ask her…. Lea(ve him) [vim]. For him (连读这个词,会发现和forum 很相似)
3、以-r或-re字母结尾的单词+元音开头的单词时,可将/r/与后面的元音拼读。
如:They looked for it here and there.这个句子也有两处连读:前一处是for it合读为/frit/,后一处是here and合读为/hirnd/。 举例:They’re my father~and mother. I looked for~it here~and there. There~is a football under~it. There~are some books on the desk. Here~is a letter for you. Here~are four~eggs. But where~is my cup? Where~are your brother~and sister?
注意,如果一个音节的前后都有字母r,即使后面的词以元音开头,也不能连读。 The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.(nearer与and不可连读)
4、“辅音+半元音”型连读
英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音,如果前一个词是以辅音结尾,后一个词是以半元音,特别是/j/开头,此时也要连读。
举例:Thank~you. Nice to meet~you. Did~you get there late~again? Would~you like~a cup~of tea? Could~you help me, please?
5、“元音+元音”型连读
如果前一个词以元音结尾,后一个词以元音开头,这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。
举例:I~am Chinese. He~is very friendly to me. She wants to study~English. How~and why did you come here? She can’t carry~it. It’ll take you three~hours to walk there. The question is too~easy for him to answer.
6、a & the 型连读
a & the 一般与后面的单词连读,并且轻而短。 特殊情况 a university.
7、注意:连读现象只出现在意群内部,意群与意群之间的两个相邻单词即使符合上面所讲的两个条件,也不连读。如:I hope it'll get a little warmer. 这个句子中的hope it就不连读为/hupit/,因为主句I hope是一个意群,后面的从句是另一个意群。
举例:Is~it a~hat or a cat?(hat与or之间不可以连读)
There~is~a good book in my desk. (book与in之间不可以连读)
Can you speak~English or French? (English与or之间不可以连读)
Shall we meet at~eight or ten tomorrow morning? (meet与 at,eight与or不连读)
She opened the door and walked~in. (door与and之间不可以连读)
二、 失音(不完全爆破)
由于失去爆破是失音的一种现象,摩擦音也会被失去,所以统称为失音。注意:爆破音并不是完全失去,仍然形成阻碍,把气流堵在里面,但不爆破,稍作停顿,直接发出相邻的辅音。失去爆破6个爆破音有3对/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/。规则:
1、发生在单词内部的不完全爆破
如:bla (ck) board, foo (t) ball, ke (p) t等。括号中的辅音字母对应的辅音音素/k/,/t/,/p/稍作停顿,没发出音来。
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