2019年江苏卷高考英语试题与答案(4)

　　第四部分：任务型阅读(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)

　　请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

　　注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。

　　The Cost of Thinking

　　Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics. such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.

　　The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other animals. It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains. Mammals(哺乳动物)weighing sixty kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm2. Modern man has a brain averaging 1200-1400 cm2. We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better. Unfortunately, that is not the case.

　　The fact is that a huge brain is a huge drain—consumption of energy—on the body. I's not easy to carry around, especially when boxed inside a massive skull(倾骨). It's even harder to provides energy. In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2-3%of total body weight but it consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest. By comparison, the brains of apes(类人猿)require only 8%of rest-time energy. Early humans pad for their large brains in two ways. Firstly, they spent more time in search food. Secondly, their muscles grew smaller and weaker. It's hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive. A chimpanzee(黑猩猩) can't win an argument with a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.

　　Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, it's easier to find food or enemies. In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.

　　Yet walking upright has its disadvantage. The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and has a relatively small head. Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull. Humankind paid for its broad vision and skillful hands backaches and painful necks.

　　We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth. But humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which they remained weak and marginal creature. Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat-eating animals.

　　The Cost of Thinking

　　Introduction• Large brains for their bodies and the ability to walk upright are two (71)_________ of human beings.

　　The (72)_________ of large human brains• The larger brains may not be better because of the cost.

　　• The big brains make it harder for the body to move around and consume more energy.

　　• The animal brain requires less (73)_________ when the body is at rest.

　　• Large human brains consume more food, and weaken muscles.

　　The (74)_________ of walking upright• Walking upright makes it easy to find food or (75)_________ against enemies.

　　• Freed hands can serve some (76)_________ purpose and perform complex tasks.

　　• Walking upright challenges the human bone structure, and (77)_________ the size of brains.

　　• Walking upright results in (78)_________ sufferings.

　　Conclusion• With a large brain, human beings (79)_________ other beings in terms of intelligence.

　　• Weak and marginal, human beings remained (80)_________ of meat-eating animals.

　　第五部分: 书面表达(满分25 分)

　　81.请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

　　Li Jiang：Have you heard this?A group of exchange students from the UK are visiting our school next month.

　　Su Hua：Yes，I have. Some are already recommending the traditional Chinese dress for the welcome ceremony.

　　Li Jiang：But it seems people have different opinions.

　　Su Hua：What do you think?

　　Li Jiang：I think it's a good idea. It's an opportunity to make the Chinese culture better known to international students.

　　Su Hua：I agree. But we don't have to dress that way. That's not our daily style. Besides，it's not very convenient.

　　Li Jiang：You see. It's the Chinese culture that the British friends are coming for. Just the right occasion.

　　Su Hua：I prefer the school uniform. It's nice. It's also a better display of our school culture.

　　【写作内容】

　　1.用约30个词概括上述信息的主要内容;

　　2.在上述场合，你是否倾向于穿中国传统服装?请说明理由(不少于两点)。

　　【写作要求】

　　1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句;

　　2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;

　　3.不必写标题。

　　【评分标准】

　　内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。