初三英语知识点 初三英语总复习资料(3)

　　初三英语知识点 初三英语总复习资料

　　3.I prefer maths to English. =I like maths better than English.

　　Which do you like _____, fish, meat _____ eggs? A.best, or B.better,or C.best, and D.better,and

　　此外，关于形容词、副词的内容同学们还须掌握：

　　1.形容词修饰名词作定语，跟在连系动词之后作表语。

　　2.副词修饰动词、形容词或其它副词 enough属例外词：形/副+enough to do enough+名词

　　例如;She is old enough to go to school. 她够上学的年龄了。

　　3.区别几组易混淆的副词: 也 too用于肯定、疑问句 also 较为正式书面语 either 用于否定句 已经 already 常用于肯定句、疑问句 yet 常用于否定句、疑问句

　　不再 no (not any) longer 从时间上讲 no (not any) more 从动作上讲

　　如此这样 such 修饰名词 eg: such a big box

　　so 修饰形容词、副词 eg: so big 单独、独自 alone 作表语 =by oneself 孤独的 lonely 可作表语、定语 eg:A group of girls are singing and dancing ______ over there. (happy)

　　练习题

　　1.The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake. _ are climbing the hill.

　　A.Others B. Other C. Another D.The other

　　2.There isn't _____ in today's newspaper.

　　A. important something B. important anything C. anything important D. nothing important

　　3.-Whose watch is this, Mary? Is it your sister's?

　　-No,Mum. It's not ______. It's ______. A.hers, my B. her, my C. Mine, hers D.hers, mine

　　4..The Changjiang River is the third __ river in the world. A.long B.longer C.longest D.the longest

　　5. An elephant is _____ than a horse.

　　A.more strong B. much stronger C. the most strong D. much more strong

　　6. Which do you like _____, tea, orange or water? A.good B.Well C. Better D. Best

　　一、 介词

　　1.与形容词搭配的词组有： be afraid of (怕) be angry with (生某人的气)

　　be away from (不在某地) be different from (与…不同)

　　be good at (善于) be good/ bad for (对…有益/有害) be interested in (对…感兴趣) be late for (迟到) be/get ready for (为作好准备) be sure of (对…有把握)

　　be worried about (为…感到担忧)

　　2.介词后常用人称代词宾格和动词-ing形式

　　1)You must take good care of her. 2)Thank you for teaching us so well.

　　3.几组易混淆的介词

　　A. “在...之后” in + 一段时间(用于一般将来时)

　　after + 一段时间(用于一般过去时) after + 一点时间(常用于一般将来时)

　　如：The baby stopped crying after half an hour.

　　The baby will stop crying in half an hour. They will visit their teacher after Friday.

　　B. for +一段时间 since +过去的一点时间

　　这两者均用于现在完成时，具体在时态部分，我会继续向同学们讲解。

　　C. be made of "用……制成" be made in “由某地制造”be made by somebody “由某人制成”

　　D. in, on, at表时间 in “在某月(季节、年)等” eg:in 1996, in January, in summer

　　固定词组：in the morning, in a week,in a minute,in time, in the end

　　on "用于指具体的某一天或专指某一天上午、下午或晚上等"

　　eg:on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16

　　at “用于具体时刻前和某些固定词组中”

　　固定词组：at seven, at the moment, at night, at last, at first, at noon, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time 注意：在表时间里，下列情况下一般不用介词。词组里有：next, last, this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every, all 以及the day before yesterday和the day after tomorrow 前不用介词 。 如:不能说 in tomorrow ,只能说 tomorrow 在明天

　　E. except +宾格/doing something "除…之外” (不包括本身)

　　Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao. (同义句转换) =Only Lin Tao isn't at school today.

　　F. “用” 通过交通工具 by plane

　　用语言 in English 通过媒介 on /over the telephone, on /over the radio, on TV

　　用工具手段 with a pen, with one's hands

　　G. between “在~和~(两者)之间”

　　between...and..., between the two... among 在...之间(三者或三者以上)

　　eg.Sue spent over two hours ___ her homework yesterday evening. A.on B.with C.at D.over

　　二、 连词

　　1.并列连词 both…and 既~又~谓语用复数动词

　　neither…nor 既不~也不~含否定意义，(就近原则)谓语动词由靠近它的那个主语来决定单复数。 either…or… “或者 …或者…”“不是…就是…”

　　and“和” 连接两个并列成分,连接谓语时,两个动词时态应一致。

　　but “但是” 表转折，不能与 though 同时出现在句中。

　　or “或者”在否定句中，并列句中的列举常用 or，而不用 and。 Eg: I have brothers and sisters.(否) I don't have brothers or sisters.= I have no brothers and no sisters.

　　2.引导宾语从句的连词

　　陈述句：that 可省略 一般疑问句：if /whether “是否” 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词

　　3.引导原因状从的有：because (不能与so同时出现在句中)

　　4.引导时间状语从句的连词：

　　A. when(当…时候)，as soon as…(一…就)，not…until(直到…才)，after(在…之后)，引导的主从复合句，主句为一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时来代替一般将来时。 Eg: I won't leave until he comes back.

　　B. since(自从…以来)引导的主从复合句，主句为现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 Eg：We haven't met each other since she left here last year.

　　C. while(当…时候，一边…一边…)它引导的时间状语从句常用进行时态。

　　Eg: My father came in while I was doing my homework.

　　5.引导条件状语从句的连词： if “如果”，引导条件状从，主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时。请区别于if“是否”相当于 whether，引导宾语从句，时态根据语境确定

　　eg:1)I don't know if it ____ (rain) tomorrow.

　　2)If it ______ (rain) tomorrow, I _____________ (not climb) the hills.

　　3)Joan and Mary haven't seen each other_____they left school five years ago.

　　A.as B.before C.after D.since

　　三、 构词法

　　构词有法记无定法

　　一、利用构词法记忆：

　　1.合成法：note+book→notebook，school+yard→schoolyard，book+mark→bookmark

　　2.派生法(即在词根上加前、后缀记忆)：

　　en-(使……有)+courage→encourage;inter-(one with another;face to face)+view→interview;foreign+er(人)→foreigner，play+er(执行动作的人)→player，sharpen+er(执行动作的物)→sharpener;library+(y→i)an(人)→librarian;miss(v.)+ing→missing(adj.)，probable(adj.)+(l)y→probably(adv.)，sad(adj.)+ly→sadly(adv.);compose(v.)+(e→i)tion→composition(n.)，inform(v.)+(a)tion→information(n.)

　　3.转化法： know(v.)→knowledge(n.)

　　二、意义关联帮你记忆：

　　dictionary—words，umbrella—rain，library—book—shelf，kitchen—cook

　　三、英英解释，温故知新：

　　abroad—in or to another country，overseas;interview—meeting with sb.

　　说说记忆单词的方法

　　词是构成句子的重要元素，词汇量的多少在英语学习中占有重要地位。今天我们讲讲怎样记忆单词。

　　一、把单词放入句子中，在一定的语言环境中记忆单词。如果一旦忘记词义，就回忆它所在的句子。很多成绩较好的同学都有一个体会，抓住对句子的理解和背诵这样一个关键，记忆单词一般来说是毫不费力的。

　　二、将单词按归类的方法进行记忆。把同义词归成一类，如 learn--study，between--among;反义词归成一类，如 left--right，high--low，strong--weak;或根据含义和用途把同一类型的词归成一类，如交通工具类：car，bus，ship，plane，truck，…学科类：maths，science，art，geography，…频度副词类：always，usually，often，sometimes，never，…等等。这样当遇到其中一个词时，头脑中出现的就是一组词，这样记忆单词的效率就会大大提高。同时，还可以掌握词与词之间的区别和各自特殊的用法，将平时极易混淆的单词清楚地区别开来。

　　三、利用构词法记忆单词。比如 happy(幸福的)，加前缀“un”成为 unhappy(不幸福的)，改“y”为“i”加后缀“ness”则变成了名词：happiness(幸福);“pea(豌豆)”与“nut(坚果)”可合成为“peanut(花生)”;when(何时)+ever(在任何时候)=whenever(无论什么时候)等等。

　　四、根据记忆与遗忘的规律来记忆单词，即应及时在第二天、第三天甚至以后再读第一天记忆的单词，定期作阶级性的复习，同遗忘作斗争。要记忆单词就不能怕重复，重复也是记忆的一种好方法。

　　五、初中阶段还有一个很实用的记忆单词的好方法就是根据音标即单词读音来记单词。只要你首先根据音标把一个单词读准、读对，那么就可根据其读音基本拼写出该单词。首先这要掌握一定的拼读规则。比如“dirty”，根据音标我们就能拼写出d-ir-t-y(在非重读音节中发[i])。这种方法对于记忆字母较多的单词尤其有效，如“contribution”，根据音标我们可把它分成四部分来记忆：con-tri-bu-tion，这样就能较快地记住单词。

　　以系统的方式来学习记忆知识能起到事半功倍的效果。因此背单词时我们一定要留心观察，寻找词与词之间的关系，这样将有助于我们记忆单词。总之，只要我们掌握一些科学的方法，并用心去记忆，就一定能记住英语单词。

　　合成形容词

　　英语中有许多种形式的合成形容词，仅在初中阶段需要学习使用的就达九种。现分述如下：

　　1.数词+单数名词。

　　如：20-minute 20分钟的 It's 20-minute walk.步行20分钟的路程。 second-class 二等的 That's the second-class room. 那是个二等房间。 500-word 五百字的

　　This is a 500-word composition. 这是一篇五百字的文章。

　　2.数词+单数名词+形容词。

　　如：8-year-old 八岁的 Mr Green has an 8-year-old child. 格林先生有个八岁的孩子。

　　3.数词+名词的ed形式。如：three-legged 三条腿的 Tom bought a three-legged table yesterday. 昨天汤姆买了一张三条腿的桌子。

　　4.形容词+名词。如：

　　round-trip来回的;往返的 Do you need a round-trip ticket﹖ 你想要一张往返的车票吗?

　　part-time 非全部工作时间的;兼职的He found a part-time job. 他找到了一份额外的工作。

　　5.形容词+名词的ed形式。

　　如：kind-hearted 好心的 Father Christmas is very kind-hearted. 圣诞老人的心肠非常好。

　　6.名词+过去分词。如：man-made人造的

　　China has sent up many man-made satellites. 中国已发射了许多人造卫星。

　　7.名词+名词的ed形式。如：glass-topped带有玻璃罩的

　　I want to own a glass-topped table. 我想要一张带有玻璃罩的桌子。

　　8.副词+过去分词。如：so-called所谓的

　　I don't like those so-called singers. 我不喜欢那些所谓的歌星。

　　9.副词+副词。

　　如：so-so马马虎虎;不好不坏的 My English is just so-so. 我的英语很一般。.

　　Eg:To an American,a Chinese is a ______. (foreign) 前缀 例词 派生词

　　un-“不” happy unhappy like unlike usual unusual friendly unfriendly

　　im-“不” possible impossible 后缀 例词 派生词 -er“人” teach/play/clean teacher/player/cleaner drive driver(以e结尾，-r) run runner(重读闭音节，双写-er)

　　win winner travel traveller -or“人” invent inventor visit visitor

　　-ly(副词后缀)

　　bad badly quick quickly careful carefully happy happily

　　deep deeply lucky luckily usual usually noisy noisily

　　slow slowly angry angrily strong strongly quiet quietly

　　特例： true - truly terrible - terribly possible - possibly

　　-ful(形容词后缀) care careful help helpful use useful forget forgetful

　　-y (形容词后缀)

　　rain rainy luck lucky cloud cloudy noise noisy(以e结尾，去e，加-y)

　　snow snowy sun sunny (双写，加-y) wind windy

　　-ion(名词后缀) invent invention operate operation

　　-ness(名词后缀) busy business good goodness

　　一些特例：

　　动词 形容词 动词 现在分词转化为名词

　　sleep asleep boat boating die dead build building

　　enjoy enjoyable begin beginning cross crossing

　　名词 形容词 meet meeting friend friendly turn turning

　　south southern shop shopping wool woolen

　　danger dangerous 动词 过去分词转为形容词 difference different fry

　　fried worry worried

　　动词 名词 break broken know knowledge lose lost

　　fly flight please pleased please pleasure colour coloured

　　名词 名词 动词 现在分词、过去分词转为形容词

　　farm farmer 农夫 follow following interest interested“感兴趣的” 只作表语，仅用于be interested in develop interesting “有趣的” 可作表语和定语 developed “发达的” developing “发展中的”

　　练习题 1、Lucy can write a letter___Japanese though she has learned it only a few months.

　　A. from B. to C. in D. with

　　2、They will have an English test___two days. A. for B. at C. in D. after

　　3、Wu Dong was born___the evening of April 2,1975. A. at B. in C. on D. to

　　4、I haven 't heard _______ her _____ she left home.

　　A. from, since B. from, after C. of, when D. of , as

　　5、Tom didn't know___Jack would leave for Beijing tomorrow.

　　A. how B. weather C. whether D. what

　　6、His parents were _________ (happy) because he had failed the exam again.

　　7、Mrs. Green liked to stay _____ (safe) at the same place.

　　8、The_______ (visit) from France are going to visit our school this afternoon.

　　思考题 1、The farmer was___tired___he couldn't fall asleep.

　　A. very…to B. too…to C. so…that D.neither…nor

　　2、Work hard, ___you won't catch up with the others. A. but B. and C. if D. or

　　3、The game is very ___ and she's ___ in it. A. interesting, interesting B. interested, interested

　　C. interested, interesting D. interesting, interested

　　重要的短语、句型和惯用法(一)

　　1. get on/off(the bus) 上/下车 get up 起床 get ready for 为...作准备

　　get oneself dressed 自己穿衣服 get well (better) 身体好 get in 进入，收集

　　get sb.sth.=get sth.for sb. 为某人买某物

　　get on well with sb/sth. 与某人相处很好，...进展顺利

　　2. have an accident 出事故 have a good time =enjoy oneself 玩得很高兴

　　have a cold wet day 天气又冷又湿 have a cough 咳嗽 have a drink(of)... 喝一杯...

　　have a talk 听报告 have lunch 吃午饭 have...for lunch 午饭吃...

　　have a meeting 开会have no idea 不知道 have a rest 休息一下

　　3. make a mistake 犯错误 mistake A for B 把A错认为B

　　take sth. by mistake 错拿某物

　　4. make friends with 与...交朋友

　　make faces 做鬼脸make a fire 生火 make an excuse 找籍口

　　make a...sound 发...音 make tea 沏茶 make room for... 为...找出空间

　　make it 如期赴约 make a team 组成一个队

　　eg.Let's make it half past one. 注意：时间前不用介词at

　　5. turn sth. on/off 打开/关掉... turn sth. up/down 把...音量开大/小

　　注意：当sth 是代词时，常放中间

　　6. try sth. on 试穿(衣、鞋、帽) 注意：当 sth 为it或them, 常放中间try out 试验、尝试

　　try one's best to do sth. 尽力干某事=do one's best to do sth.

　　7. send sb. away 开除、解雇某人 send for sb. 派人去请某人 send up 发射

　　8. hear from sb 收到...的来信 hear of 听说

　　9. hurry off 匆匆离去，赶快去 hurry up 赶快

　　10. get to +名词 get +副词(不用to) reach+名词/副词 arrive in/at +大/小地点 (后接副词，不用at/in)

　　eg. get to Shanghai、reach Shanghai 、arrive in Shanghai到达上海

　　eg. reach home、get home、arrive home 到家

　　11. teach sb. English 教某人英语 teach oneself=learn sth.by oneself 自学

　　12.到...末为止 by the end of +过去时间 (用于过去完成时)

　　by the end of +将来时间 (用于一般将来时)

　　at the end of+地点 在...尽头 in the end= at last 最后，终于

　　13. hundreds of 成百上千 thousands of 成千上万的 millions of 成百万的

　　14. be pleased to do sth 很高兴地干某事 be pleased with sth. 为某事而高兴

　　15. be used for 被用来 be used as 被当作 be used by 被...所使用

　　16. so far 到目前为止， 用于现在完成时

　　17. on a Tuesday morning 一个星期二的早上

　　on the morning of June 15th.1998 在1998年6月15日早上

　　18. keep sb.doing sth. 让某人一直干某事 keep doing sth. 继续做某事

　　keep on doing sth. 持续不断地做某事

　　19. much too+形容词/副词原级 实在太...

　　too much+不可数名词 相当多的... eg. It's _______ expensive. I can't buy it.

　　There's ___________ rain this year.

　　20. thanks to...由于，多亏

　　thanks to one's help=because of one's help 由于某人的帮忙 thanks for one's help 谢谢某人的帮助

　　21. be far away from+a place/sb 远离某地

　　22. wear out 穿坏、穿旧、用尽 常用于被动语态。其P.P为worn

　　sell out 售完 卖完

　　23. two-month holiday=two months' holiday 二个月的假期

　　24. fall asleep 入睡(进入状态) get to sleep 入睡(还没睡着)

　　25. stop sb.from doing sth. 阻止某人干某事 eg. She stopped the child from listening. stop doing sth. 停止干某事，不再干某事 stop to do sth. 停止下来干另一件事。

　　26. hardly any +n. 几乎没有...

　　27. quite a/an+形容词+名词 一个相当...eg. Two months is quite a long time.

　　a very +形容词+名词eg. English is a very useful language.

　　28. be afraid of+名词 害怕... be afraid to+动词 担心、害怕... be afraid that+从句 恐怕...

　　29. so+形容词 so strong so beautiful such+形容词+名词(复数或不可数)

　　such beautiful pictures such nice smell such + a/an+形容词+名词(单数)

　　such an interesting story

　　30. feel like doing 想干某事

　　31. be made/grown/produced

　　三个词的被动语态都可解释为“生产”

　　归类: 机器一类→make(制造)

　　盐.糖.丝绸→produce (经机器加工生产) 农作物、水果→grow (人工种出来的)

　　32. finish doing sth. 做完某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于干某事

　　go on doing sth. 继续干某事 be always doing 老是干某事

　　33. hope to do sth. 希望干某事 ...hope that...希望某人干某事,不可用hope sb.to do sth.

　　34. in surprise 惊奇地(作状语) be surprised at sb. 对某人的举动感到诧异

　　be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶

　　35. no space(room) to stand in 没有站的地方、空间

　　36. be angry with sb. 生某人的气 agree with sb. 同意某人的观点 with one's help 在某人的帮助下

　　选择题：

　　1.They arrived ___ London___ a cold winter night.

　　A.at, in B.in, on C.at, on D.in, at

　　2.It's rather cold today.You'd better ___ more clothes before you go out.

　　A.put on B.wear C.to put on D.to wear

　　3.You must be very tired. Why not ___ a rest?

　　A.stop taking B.stop to take C.to stop taking D.to stop to take

　　4.___, I've caught up with my classmates in my English studies.

　　A.Under his help B.With his help C.Under the help of him D.With the help of him

　　5.Mother told me ____ in the sun. A.not read B.don't read C.read not D.not to read

　　6.Watching TV ___ is bad for your eyes. A.much too B.many too C.too much D.too many

　　7.Those foreign visitors ___ our city the day before yesterday.

　　A.arrived B.reached C.reached to D.got in

　　8.She asked me to help her ___ her Chinese. A.at B.with C.for D.on

　　9.Look ___ the words in the dictionary when you don't know ___ they mean.

　　A.up, what B.up, that C.for, that D.for, what

　　10.One after another, three of them ___.

　　A.fell asleep B.got to asleep C.went to asleep D.were sleeping