英语语法填空技巧 完形填空解题技巧

　　语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考察语法知识的运用能力,我们在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意,有把握的空格可以先进行填写.在读懂短文的基础上,再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析,逐题解答.下面按题型设计分三种情况:

　　一,纯空格试题的解题技巧

　　纯空格填空题主要是填冠词,介词,代词,连接词(含从属连词和并列连词)等虚词.

　　首先,分析句子结构,根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词.然后,根据句子意思,确定具体填什么词;或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词.共有以下7个技巧:

　　技巧1:在简单句和并列句中,若句子缺主语或宾语,一定是填代词.

　　例1.I can't send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _it gets there almost in a second.

　　技巧2:名词前面,若没有限定词(冠词,形容词性物主代词,不定代词等),很可能是填限定词.

　　例2. It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help _his_rice crop grow up quickly.

　　例3.…the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to__a__small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.

　　技巧3:名词或代词在句中不作主语,表语或动词的宾语时,其前面,一定是填介词.

　　例4.…who should have the honour of receiving me _as_a guest in their house.

　　技巧4: 若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,可能是填连词.

　　例5.…two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso__and__Cabdido Poitinari, which are worth millions of dollars.

　　例6…all I saw was this beautiful girls, whose smile just melted me __and_ almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about.

　　技巧5: 若两个句子(即两个主谓结构)之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填并列连词(连接并列的句子)或从属连词(连接定语从句,名词性从句和状语从句).

　　例7:The greatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini ___who_died in 1926.

　　例8:In Japan,for example,it is normal for the woman tosend chocolates to the man while/but in Korea April 14th is known as "Black Day".

　　例9:He was very tired after doing thus foe a whole day, _but___ he felt very happy.

　　技巧6: 由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词.

　　(1) 由it is … that… 强调结构的形式,判断it 还是that.判断方法:去掉it is … that…结构,句子还是一个完整的句子就是强调句型.

　　(2) 由it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断,空格是否填it.

　　例10:…and ___it__ was only after I heard she become sick that I learned she couldn't eat MSG (味精).

　　例11:… as ___it__ took them just three minuts to steal paintings by two worls-famous artists..

　　例12:Dating sites also makes___it__ easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in.

　　(3) 在倒装句式中通常填only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not…until等词.

　　例13:__Only___ with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.

　　(4) so / such …that…句型

　　例14:This made the goat so jealous ___that___ it began plotting against the donkey.

　　(5) more …than…(与其说……不如说……,比……更……)句型.

　　例15:Cynthia's story shows vividly that people rememberr more how much a manager cares ___than____ how much he pays.

　　二,给出了动词的试题解题技巧

　　首先,判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词.然后按照以下两点进行思考.

　　技巧7:若句子没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态语态.

　　例16:When I die, I will give (give) everything to you.

　　例17:That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation,_closed__(close) my book and walked away.

　　例18:In Loganm three people _were taken_(take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic.

　　例19: Being too anxious to help an event develop often results in (result) the countrary to our intention.

　　例20: Now,Valentine"s Day is celebrated(celebrate) in many countries around the world.

　　技巧8: 若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词.若是非谓语动词就要确定是v-ing形式,-ed形式,还是不定式,确定的方法主要有:

　　(1) 作主语或宾语,通常用v-ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体情况.

　　例21:…but it is not enough only _to memorize_(memorize) rules from a grammar book.

　　例22:Speaking_(speak) out your inner feeling won't make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…

　　例23:He wann't used to being taken (take) care of like that.

　　(2) 作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式.

　　例24:_To_complete_(complete) the project as planed, we'll have to work two more hours a day.

　　例25:Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely__to succeed_(succeed).

　　(3) 作伴随状语,通常用分词,若与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词(v-ing);若是被动关系,用过去分词(-ed).

　　例26:He saw the stone, __saying_(say) to himself: "the night will be very dark."

　　例27:The headmaster went into the lab, _followed_(follow) by the foreign guests.

　　例28:Problems, depending (depend)on their nature, cause us sadness or loneliness or regret or anger or fear.

　　(4) 无论非谓语动词在句子作何种成分,若判断得出其需要用分词时,分词与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词(v-ing);是被动关系,用过去分词(-ed).

　　例29:While she was getting me.settled (settle) into a tiny but clean room,…

　　例30:Lessons _learned_(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.

　　例31:The dinosaur was forced to adapt and evolved into a smaller animal needing (need) less space and food.

　　例32:A room full of candiates for a state examination timed (time) exactly by electronic clocks.

　　例33:It was a presidental talk delivered ( deliver) at a time of…

　　其次,若所给动词既不做谓语也不做非谓语,那就是词的转换题.

　　技巧9: 动词的词类转换主要做主语,宾语和定语.

　　例34:There are uncomfortable (comfort) feelings often as any kind of physical pain.

　　例35:I t came into existence (exist) with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry.

　　例36:They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building equipment (equip) to dig holes

　　例37:But a mother in North Cardina said she thought the speech (speak) could have a positive impact.

　　例38:We can have the most supportive (support) parents and the best schools in the world.

　　例39:When China's ancient scientific and technological _achievements_(achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally prefer to the Four Great Inventions.

　　例40:These people have made great _contributions (contribute) to China with their work.

　　例41:…instructors expect students to be familiar with _information_ (inform) in the reading.

　　例42:But Jane knew from past experience that her choice (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.

　　三,词类转换题的解题技巧

　　这类题主要是考查名词,形容词和副词,根据该词在句中所作句子成分确定用那种形式,具体技巧有以下三种.

　　技巧10: 作表语(在系动词之后),定语(修饰名词)或宾补(表性质状态),通常用形容词形式.

　　例43:The youngster immediately fell _silent_(silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.

　　例44:In a _dangerous_(danger ) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they leart to…

　　例45:Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _interested_(interest) in the subject.

　　例46:This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural (nature) course.

　　技巧11: 修饰动词,形容词,副词,或整个句子,作状语,用副词形式.

　　例47:As I looked _colsely (close) at this girl, I found that…

　　例48:There must be something _seriously_(serious) wrong with our society.

　　例49:Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet _mainly (main) because their busy lifesytyles leave them little time…

　　例50:Fortunately (fortune),the guest escaped unharmed.

　　技巧12: 有的词义转换题,词类或词性不一定要变,主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词,需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系,在词根前加un-, im-, in-等,在词根后加-less等.

　　例51: People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _useless_(use).

　　例52:Your mistake caused a lot of _unnecessary_(necessary) work in the office.

　　例53:Its origins are unclear (clear) and hidden in the river of time.

　　技巧13: 括号中所给词若是形容词或副词,有可能考查其比较级或最高级.

　　例54:The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could… he jumped even _harder_(hard) and nearly made himself out.

　　例55:The _worst_(bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said.

　　例56:…,but he felt very happy since the crop did "grow" higher (high)

　　以上仅对语法填空中的主要情况进行了概括,在做语法填空题时,还应注意英语中的固定句型,固定搭配等.